Or more sheathing visible inside the box. In this diagram power is taken from an existing wall outlet for a new switch and light fixture.
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Add light to circuit. Touch a prong from a two prong electrical tester to a terminal screw holding a black wire to the switch. The switch comes first in the new part of the circuit and new 2 wire cable is run to it from the outlet. From the switch new 2 wire cable is run to the new light location. Strip the ends of the wires and connect them to the fixture. Touch the remaining prong from the tester to any metal on the electrical box or switch. There are various circumstances where it would be convenient to add another light to a circuit and connect that light directly to an existing light switch.
Wiring a new switch and light from an outlet. Start by mounting the fixture strap to the box. Of sheathing from the wires and push the cable through the knockout leaving 14 in. At the switch cut the cable about 12 in. Examples include adding lighting underneath kitchen wall cabinets where the existing switch will be at the exact height of the new lighting or installing an outside light by routing the cable directly through the back of an existing switch box to the outside. Adding a light to a circuit an end of run fixture is one that goes after the existing fixture in the circuit.
The tester wont light if the correct breaker is turned off. Choose a place for the fixture install an electrical box and run a cable between the new fixture and the existing one. Remove the screws holding the wall plate to the switch on the circuit. Make sure the cable you use is the same gauge as the one powering the existing fixture.